Is Financial Compensation Beneficial Or Detrimental In An...

Introduction What is an Empowerment ? Basically empowerment means giving the employee the ability to do their work, i.e. through the right training, the right environment, the right information, the right tools and the authority that they need. It is thought that by giving the employee increased power and responsibility that the employee will have increased motivation. Organisations have developed a number of new programs in which it is hoped that employees will have empowerment and so increased motivation. What is an Empowerment Program ? There are six different forms of empowerment programs. i.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Pay for Performance. This gives employees rewards in relation to their performance on the job.†¦show more content†¦Motivation Theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs: This theory shows that humans are motivated by a series of needs which are in an hierarchical order, i.e. 1.Self Actualisation Needs 2.Esteem Needs 3.Social Needs 4.Safety Needs 5.Physiological Needs 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Self Actualisation is basically the feeling of self fulfilment, i.e. reaching your ambitions. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Esteem Needs is the respect of friends, family and people around you. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Social Needs are having friends and family around you. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Safety Needs. This is the feeling of having a safe environment around you, i.e. no threat of war, pollution, violence, etc. 5.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Physiological Needs are having basic survival needs such as food, water, clothing and shelter. Maslow states to progress to each level you must fulfil the levels below it and that the lower levels take priority. McGregors Theory. This is the theory that there are two different types of worker, Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X’s characteristics are that of a dislike for work, unambitious and works only for money. Theory Y’s characteristics are that they enjoy their work, looks for promotions and is generally ambitious. Financial compensation in an empowerment program worksShow MoreRelated Artificial Insemination and the Rights of Women, Men, and Children2434 Words   |  10 Pagesthat will yield them a child. And so, doctors prescribe a cure of sorts- sperm. The procedure allows women increased power to regulate the reproductive processes of their bodies. Ironically, artificial insemination was not created as a method of empowerment for women. Rather for men. Male scientists and researchers developed the technology for eugenic purposes, not to alleviate the pressures of alternative lifestyles of women. That is, to improve the human species. With the onset of research inRead MoreIf You Were Malik, What Strategies Would You Adopt to Solve the Problem? Ans: Xyz Moon Life Insurance Faced Major Problem of High Employee Turnover. as Malik, I Would Have Adopted Following Strategies * Better Incentive,6453 Words   |  26 PagesFour or five. B. Six or seven C. Key position areas. D. None of the above C. Two or Three D. Eight or Nine B. Position. B. Leadership skills. C. Office C. Consulting skills. D. Role. D. All the above. 31. Competencies of HRD manager _______. C. Empowerment. D. All the above. C. Personnel capacity maturity model. D. People capacity management model 33. KPA for a job should not be too many generally they may be about _____. 34. 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Two Theories of Literacy Development Free Essays

In this task I am going to identify 2 different theories of language development I am going to be doing, Naom Chomsky and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget According to Piaget, language development is related to cognitive development, that is, the development of the child’s thinking determines when the child can learn to speak and what the child can say. For example, before a child can say, â€Å"This teddy is smaller than that one†, she/he must have developed the ability to judge differences in size. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Theories of Literacy Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Piaget’s view, children learn to talk ‘naturally’ when they are ‘ready’ without any deliberate teaching by adults he thinks children pick up language by repeated behavior. From doing his research into children’s language and how they think, Piaget put his theory on the idea that children do not think like adults he thought that they learnt through schemas which is repeatable behaviour which you see in children as they play and then Piaget thought that through their play and interactions with their surroundings children build up their own understanding of the world. And Piaget thinks language development comes from logical thinking and reasoning skills. Schemas Schemas are patterns of repeatable behaviour which you might see children do everyday through play and on placements I have seen children do things on placements. Schema: Transporting I have seen most children when I’ve been at placement doing this e. g. when they carry blocks from one place to another either in a bag or trolley or when they take sane from the sand tray to the sensory area this is transporting. Rotation this is when children are fascinated by things spinning e. . the washing machine or anything with wheels they like rolling things down a hill and children enjoy spinning around or being swung around. An example of how children could learn language though schemas could be, if a chid is rolling or pushing a toy car along the floor. And it goes under the sofa they will say something like ‘oh or its gone’ only as they do it more and more and they have influ ence through the environment they will become more advance in there language and later on the child will be ale to identify that its gone under the sofa. Piaget thinks children pass through 4 distinct stages: sensory motor, pre-operational; concrete operational; formal operational. Sensory-Motor Period According to Piaget’s theory he thinks children are born with basic ‘action schemas’ such as sucking and grasping. The sensory-motor period starts from birth to 2 years. This is when the children are doing their basic action schemas to take in information about the world. Piaget describes two functions of children’s language: the â€Å"egocentric† and the â€Å"socialized. During the sensory-motor period, children’s language is â€Å"egocentric†: they talk either for themselves or â€Å"for the pleasure of associating anyone who happens to be there with the activity of the moment. † This stage involves the use of motor activity without the use of symbols. Knowledge is limited in this stage, because it is based on physical interactions and experiences. Infants cannot predict reactio n, and therefore must constantly experiment and learn through trial and error. Such exploration might include shaking a rattle or putting objects in the mouth. As they become more mobile, infants’ ability to develop cognitively increases. Early language development begins during this stage. Children show that they know objects are still the when they can’t see them at 7-9 months, demonstrating that memory is developing. Infants realize that an object exists after it can no longer be seen. The pre-operational stage usually occurs between toddlerhood (18-24months) and early childhood (7 years). During this stage children begin to use language; memory and imagination also develop. In the pre-operational stage, children engage in make believe and can understand and express relationships between the past and the future. More complex concepts, such as cause and effect relationships, have not been learned. Intelligence is egocentric and spontaneous, not logical. The Concrete Operations Stage, this stage was believed to have affected children aged between seven and eleven to twelve years old. During this stage, the thought process becomes more rational, mature and ‘adult like’, or more ‘operational’, although this process most often continues well into the teenage years. Piaget claims that before the beginning of this stage, children’s ideas about different objects, are ormed and dominated by the appearance of the object. For example, there appears to be more blocks when they are spread out, than when they are in a small pile. During the Concrete Operational Stage, children gradually develop the ability to ‘conserve’, or learn that objects are not always the way that they appear to be. This occurs when children are able to take in many different aspects of an object, simply through looking at it. Children are able to begin to imagine different scenarios, or ‘what if’ something was to happen. This is because they now have more ‘operational’ thought. Children are generally first able to conserve ideas about objects with which they are most comfortable. Once children have learnt to conserve, they learn about ‘reversibility’. This means that they learn that if things are changed, they will still be the same as they used to be. For example, they learn that if they spread out the pile of blocks, there are still as many there as before, even though it looks different! Formal Operations Stage (11yrs-16yrs) Finally, in the formal operational stage of adolescence, When faced with a complex problem, the adolescent things about all possible solutions before trying them out in the real world. So when the child has passed through these stages Piaget thinks they are ready for the world and they will be able to sort things out throughout their life. Noam Chomsky Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain language structures which children use so accurately must be already engraved on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which stores children’s language and structures for them to use and expand using their growing vocabulary. Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of. However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years. Chomsky thinks children learn language quickly and easily, and he thinks language is natural. All babies babble the same sounds, deaf babble. I’ve notice children at my placement make grammar mistakes and example would be, a child fell over in the playground and they said ‘I fellded down’ instead of saying ‘I feel down’ so Chomsky thinks children learn this themselves and we influence it as they get older because they listen to what we say and then we would say ‘oh have a fell down’. So by use saying it the correct way were hoping that the child them remembers this. Evaluation: Both Piaget and Chomsky believe that language is just something that children are born with and that it’s not through nurturing them but they believe that nurturing will help bring on their language and support it. Piaget thinks language development is related to cognitive development, that is, the development of the child’s thinking controls when the child can learn to speak and what the child can say. For example, before a child can say, â€Å"This teddy is smaller than that one†, she/he must have developed the ability to judge differences in size. Whereas Chomsky just thinks children will pick up the language but he believe it’s get influenced but people around but he think vocabulary has to be learned and that grammar is influenced by interaction. Chomsky he thinks children are born with all that is needed to produce language, but Piaget thinks parents and carers reinforce and therefore shape children’s language. How to cite Two Theories of Literacy Development, Papers

The Life of Pi free essay sample

How can converting to another religion affect your community?   In the book Life of Pi, Yann Martel describes Piscine as an outstanding Indian boy that practices many religions. A child  should  have the same  rights to choose their  religion, like  an adult, regardless of the religion  of their parents. Religion is based because of Pis choices in life he has discovered three religions he wants to follow. In one occasion Pi even mentions how people loose God throughout their life, but that wasn’t his case. He refers to how he has always been interested in God and religion and how he has explored different religions. Throughout the book, Pi explores three different religions Hindu, Christianity, and Islam. He was born into a Hindu family and has been a part of the faith ever since. His faithfulness to Hinduism did not change his curiosity towards exploring other religions. Pi shows a great deal of independence to learn as much as he can. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of Pi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This independence is present when Pi is on the boat and has to fend for himself. His enthusiasm towards religion doesn’t change while he is on the boat. By reciting his daily prayers, religion gives Pi a sense of hope that will help him to survive. Different perspectives of Hinduism can change the way we face religion. There are many times that we feel trapped, and don’t know how to confront problems within religion. â€Å"Religion faces the same problem; certain illusions about freedom plague them both† (p19). Many religions tried to change how a person sees life or how they act, meanwhile Hinduism doesn’t. While Hindus in each of these societies have altered their religion to suit the needs of their cultures all Hindus share a core of rich poetic, and complex traditions†(Wangu p14). Even though many were born and raised there don’t show that all are Hinduism. â€Å"Unlike Buddhism Confucianism Taoism, Christianity, Islam, or most of other active world religions, Hinduism was not found by one individual† (p14). You can admire many Gods, unlike other religions. Pie actually did this in a certain point of his journey! Hinduism is considered one of the oldest religions in existence; many other religions are not suitable to be counted as a â€Å"stable religion. † Life can change from one moment to another and surprises you in every aspect. When you see your life gone in a second, you think about your journey. â€Å"From its beginning, Hinduism has been a polytheistic religion, meaning that its followers believe in many gods† (Wangu p16). Pi made his own temple in his house adoring many Gods, unlike Christianity! The name Hindu came into use when the Persians; in their attempt to label all non-Muslim people living beyond the Sindhu river, mispronounces the words Sindhu. We can assume that this religion come from all those years, we assure that it’s a truthful religion. Pi felt safe only in the zoo, he saw the animals as his second family. This made him miss everything he had there, because he grew up with all the animals in there. Another reason why Pi’s life was changing was because his peers kept making fun of his name. For example, â€Å"He increased his arm; pointed at me and shouted, â€Å" It’s Pissing Patel† (p20). Along with that, when you become ill, you believe that God is not helping you at all. Mr. Kumar didn’t believe in God because he believes that he didn’t save his life. â€Å"Religion will save us,† Pi said. â€Å"Since when I couldn’t remember, religion had been very close to my heart† (p 27). In a large population we see God and religion as a shadow in our life. Pi says, â€Å"Darkness? I was puzzled. I thought, Darkness is the last thing that religion is. Religion is light† (p 27). If we see deep in religion, most of us say that we don’t want God in our lives because of something that happen. Other than that when we really need him, we pray, and seems like he don’t listen. I think that if we really pray with devotion and be within God in the troubled and happy times everything would be different. Mr. Kumar explains, â€Å"When I was your age, I lived in bed, racked with polio† (p28). Many of us can understand that when something like this happens, we all lose faith in God. His faith was gone after praying to God so many things about his illness. â€Å"I asked myself every day, ‘where is God? Who saved me- it was medicine† (p28). You can’t neglect God before other things. God was there for you since you were born and it’s not fair for us to put him as the last person we think of. â€Å"Hindus recognize three possible paths to moksha or salvation† (Hindus Beliefs p1). Those outrages times that we lose faith or belief in our religion, all we want to do is be in different ones. Pi had three religions that he had â€Å"converted† into. â€Å"The priest broke it when he said, with pride in his voice, ‘Piscine is a good Christian boy’ I hope to see him join our choir soon† (p66). We all lie in a point in our life; we just have to make sure that our lies are beneficial. There is only one God that we can count on, the one and only! Converting from one religion to another can be hard for itself, family, and the community. â€Å"You must be mistaken. He is a good Muslim boy† (p66). Pi itself was in a big conflict with the priests coming to his parents and confronting him in front of them. Muslims beliefs follow the Five Pillars of Islam, which they regard as the most important practice of their religion. Once again one more time, the pandit said, â€Å"You’re both wrong. He is a good Hindu boy† (p66). One way that Pi could repent from his sin, like changing his religion, is by karma; yoga. We never know when we can die, and our only hope is religion. It’s like if we have a watch and as it stops so do we, and we die. Us, as humans have to fix what’s not properly done by nature and fast or else a destruction can happen. Every one is going to be judged and until that day comes we have to do our best. One day we will take hold of the means of productions and there will be justice on Earth† (p28). Religion is what we believe in and yes it can mean many things. â€Å"No definition allows for identification of â€Å"faith† with â€Å"religion† (p1). Religion has been defined as a system of beliefs base on humanity’s attempt to explain phenomena. Many people can tell us what religion is, but do many of us know? I believe the answer is no, we can say stories and myths about it, but nobody can really assure us. That’s many of us have to study to go in deep in religion, and for nobody to tell us what’s wrong and right about religion. Loosing someone special is like loosing everything in your life. Piscine lost his parents and his brother, his only family. Pi explains, â€Å"To lose a brother is to lose someone with whom you can share the experience of growing old† (p127). Pi went through a rough time, after he was in the boat by himself he missed his mom. â€Å"To lose your mother well, that is like the sun above you† (p127). The human minds has a mentality to survive and support everything. â€Å"I survived 227 days. That’s how long my trial lasted, over seven months† (p189). For example in my real life I lost my father, and yes it hurts me because he was the that created me. Many years has passed since he passed away, my whole life to be exact. I understand what Pi went through when he lost his mother, is pain that nobody can take away from you. Yet many people think it’s easy to just let it go, but most haven’t lost a special someone! My family and I lost hope when he passed away, because my mom had to take care three of us. Pi was a child when he lost his family and that’s something you keep for the rest of your life. While trying to fight for survival, we take things to deep. We should not cling! A plague upon fundamentalist and literalists† (p70). Pi remains unattached to any one interpretation of God. He believes in religion, but he doesn’t guard specific jealously. He believes to be in a major misstep by some believers. â€Å"There are always those who take it upon themselves to defend God, as if ultimate reality, if it was something weak and helpless† (p15). Even if the days passed, Pi kept practicing his religious faith at sea. â€Å"I practiced religious rituals that I adapted to the circumstances solitary Masses without priest or Communion Host† (90). The soul calls to God, and God calls to the soul. â€Å"Braham Saguna is Braham made man; fest to our limited senses, Braham expressed not only in gods but in humans, for everything has a trace of the divire in it† (Solomon p1). Pi’s education includes both science and religion, he comes to love both these disciplines. â€Å"I’ll be honest about it, it is not atheist who get stuck in my craw, but agnostics† (p163). One day we will take hold of the means of productions and there will be justice on Earth. All of us probably don’t even think about changing our religion or to have any other thought of God. There are many perspectives about life, religion, and love. Accidents can happen, or anything can happen for us to just change what our parents have thought us, as better people. We don’t take hold of our selves because we are humans and we can’t control what we think! Religion shouldn’t be converted to darkness, it should be something that you are proud of. For example Pi, he had three religions to choose from, the teens from now a days don’t even think about going to church or a temple. Now a days going to parties or reunion with friends is the â€Å"new† thing. Pi charms the socks off everyone with this story. Pi also uses his friends mishearing to lay out one of his essential beliefs. All the three beliefs he practiced are really the same except for small differences in the practice of their faith. Hindus have a great capacity for love. Muslims see god in everything, and Christians are quiet devout. By knowing that Hindus have a lot of love for God, you know that Pi had to try some other religions. Last but not least, religion is an organization or system of human thought that practicing to give a meaning to a  practitioner’s life by reference the higher power, or ultimate truth, usually includes a set of narratives, symbols or beliefs. In the story â€Å"life of Pi†, the main character Pi, is practicing three religions at the same time: Hinduism, Islam, and  Christianity. They are three totally different kinds of religions. But they helped Pi; they gave Pi the faith, the power to survive, in those deadly situations. However, religions does not bring blessing, also brings chaos and crisis. Religion can brainwash people, and turns them into extremists. For instants, those terrorists, what makes them so daredevil, willing to do anything for their organization? It’s their religion, their â€Å"true God†. And also, religion can be a tool for those dominators to dominate people. Some rules in a religion would be like: be peaceful, God does not want people to fight, or some kind of stuff. Those rules weaken people, reduces the power of resisting of people. Some time, dominators could win a war, and kill people without their resistance. In conclusion, religions are not all that good for people, but you can still choose any religion you want.