Should College Athletes Be Paid - 849 Words

College athletes have been giving their all on their respective fields for decades without reasonable compensation. Often times, these athletes have been training since elementary school and some even before that. Each and every day they train and compete while risking their potential future career without any pay. These athletes deserve to be rewarded for their hard work, dedication, and most of all, profitability. Supply and demand is a very simple economic principle, one that very much plays in the favor of college athletes. The demand for high school aged athletes (some not attending school), is astoundingly high. Top recruits may be approached by dozens of college coaches, several agents, and potentially even a professional league. Not only do teams want their name across a player s chest, fans want nothing more than to see their favorite team’s jersey donned by the best players. In 2006, fans spent an astounding $4.2 billion dollars on college basketball. Between coaches, agents, and fans, the number of people trying to get to an â€Å"amateur† athlete is seemingly infinite. A major argument by those who oppose paying college athletes is that they are amateurs who are students first and athletes second. However, that is not nearly the case. Many athletes in college are there to compete and attend school simply because they have to in order to play for that particular team. The NCAA purposely schedules games for times in which players are guaranteed to miss class, forShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes millions, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid fo r their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different s ports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play Should College Athletes Be Paid - 849 Words It is no surprise that college athletics is on the rise, it has worked it’s way into becoming one of the biggest businesses in America today. With ticket sales, television contracts, and merchandising colleges generate millions of dollars every year. College athletics has such an emotional attachment that goes beyond just the students who attend the school. With the NCAA making so much money from these athletes there has been intense debating on whether college athletes should be compensated beyond the scholarships provided to them by the colleges. Being raised in Lawrence, Kansas if there is one thing I have noticed along the way is the Kansas basketball players are treated like celebrities. The only difference between a KU basketball player and a celebrity is that they do not get paid for their work and the revenue they bring in for their employer. In my opinion college athletes should be compensated because the NCAA acts as an employer, the amount of time spent on athletic s, and the amount of revenue made from theses athletes. Imagine working full time for a multibillion-dollar company, you are the finest employee the company has; you have brought in the most profit for this company. The company has used you for all you are worth, but when it is payday you do not receive a check despite all your hard work. This is what working for the NCAA could be compared to. An employee is a person that does work for another person or group in exchange for compensation. So is thatShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes millions, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid fo r their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different s ports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should collect an income. College athletes should not be paid to play

Differences Between Those With Asperger s Syndrome And...

Social disability significantly modifies the development of the identity and individualisation of children. How does the lack of a strong sense of self in autistic children influence them? Provide examples using two chosen texts. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night Time by Mark Haddon and The Eye of the Sheep by Sofie Laguna are two novels that explore important ideas and issues regarding the differences between those with Asperger’s syndrome and those without. In both novels, the protagonists, Christopher Boone and Jimmy Flick respectively, have Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). â€Å"For individuals with disabilities, constructing identities is a highly social, ongoing process. This process can be particularly challenging, given the†¦show more content†¦I kept the piece of paper in my pocket and took it out when I didn t understand what someone was saying. But it was very difficult to decide which of the diagrams was most like the face they were making because people s faces move very quickly.† (Haddon, 2003: pp. 4) This quote gives us an insight into Christopher’s thoughts and shows us how enigmatic emotions can be for someone with Asperger’s. Christopher, howev er, is fully aware of the fact that he cannot understand how humans express emotions. â€Å"I like dogs. You always know what a dog is thinking. It has four moods. Happy, sad, cross and concentrating.† (Haddon, 2003: pp. 6) When Christopher openly states his preference for dogs over human beings purely due to his lack of identifying feelings with human beings, it is confirmed that Christopher is incapable of openly conveying his emotions. His lack of empathy is the result of his ASD, which prevents Christopher from expressing emotions and feelings. Likewise, Jimmy Flick in The Eye of the Sheep also has Asperger’s syndrome and his social disability makes him perceive emotions as an unfathomable concept. When Jimmy’s mother is hospitalised, Jimmy’s

Alcohol and the Liver Essay Example For Students

Alcohol and the Liver Essay Heavy drinking is the daily consumption of five to six standard drinks, each drink equivalent to approximately 12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, or 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits. A friend of mine is considered a heavy drinker, he drinks constantly. Last week I found out he went to the doctor and was diagnosed with Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD). I had never heard of ALD before so I decided to do some research on ALD to give myself knowledge of what he has and what he will be going through. Alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of illness and death in the United States. Fatty liver, the most common form of ALD, is reversible with abstinence. More serious ALD includes alcoholic hepatitis, characterized by persistent inflammation of the liver, and cirrhosis, characterized by progressive scarring of liver tissue. Either condition can be fatal, and treatment options are limited. During the past 5 years, research has significantly increased our understanding of the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption damages the liver. Approximately 10 to 35 percent of heavy drinkers develop alcoholic hepatitis, and 10 to 20 percent develop cirrhosis. In the United States, cirrhosis is the seventh leading cause of death among young and middle-age adults. I also found out that Approximately 10,000 to 24,000 deaths from cirrhosis may be attributable to alcohol consumption each year. Factors that influence vulnerability to ALD include:Genetic Factors- Structural of functional variability in any of the cell types and biochemical substances discussed above could influence a persons susceptibility to ALD. Researchers are seeking genetic factors that may underlie this variability. Results of this research may provide the basis for future gene-based therapies. Dietary Factors- Nutritional factors influence the progression of ALD. For example, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet promotes liver damage in alcohol-fed rats, and high amounts of polyunsaturated fats may promote the development of cirrhosis in animals. Gender- Women develop ALD after consuming lower levels of alcohol over a shorter period of time compared with men. In addition, women have a higher incidence of alcoholic hepatitis and a higher mortality rate from cirrhosis than men. The mechanisms that underlie gender-related differences are unknown. Hepatitis C- Many patients with ALD are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), which causes a chronic, potentially fatal liver disease. The presence of HCV may increase a persons susceptibility to ALD and influence the severity of alcoholic cirrhosis. For example, alcohol- dependent patients infected with HCV develop liver injury at a younger age and after consuming a lower cumulative dose of alcohol than do those without HCV. Patients with HCV are often treated with an antiviral substance called interferon. However, interferon is less effective in patients with chronic HCV who are heavy drinkers, compared with those who are not. What scares me is my friend does have HCV. Treatment effectiveness includes abstinence, its the cornerstone of ALD therapy. With abstinence, fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis are frequently reversible, and survival is improved among patients with ALD, including those with cirrhosis. For terminally ill patients, liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment. Research has established the effectiveness of liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. More recently, Bell and colleagues summarized follow up medical data on all persons who received liver transplants in the United States between 1988 and 1995. Deaths among these subjects were not alcohol related. That is, alcohol-dependent patients are rare. Hepatitis C infection in patients with ALD does not appear to affect survival after liver transplantation, despite the continued presence of the virus in the bloodstream. Medication interactions include chronic alcohol consumption, it may increase the adverse side effects of medications used to treat conditions other than ALD. In particular, excessive use of the widely used pain killer acetaminophen has been associated with liver damage in people drinking heavily. .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd , .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .postImageUrl , .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd , .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:hover , .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:visited , .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:active { border:0!important; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:active , .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue857d84bc87747726e7852eb1ab915dd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Civil Disobedience EssayProspects for future treatment, the multiple mechanisms of ALD development provide several potential targets for medical intervention. Some promising lines of inquiry are summarized below. The role of endotoxin in the inflammatory response suggests the possibility of inhibiting ALD development at its earliest stages. For example, suppression of endotoxin- producing intestinal bacteria reduced signs of liver damage in alcohol fed rats. An adequate daily supply of total carbohydrates is important in

King of Masks Themes

The King of Masks is a 1996 film set in a rural Chinese village. It details an unadorned life of an elderly man named Wang who is a street performer. His only companion was a pet monkey, and he badly needed a male heir to bequeath his Sichuan opera techniques.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on King of Masks: Themes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Buddhism is deeply entrenched in the Chinese society as represented in the movie. Members of the society esteem boys over girls. This explains Wang’s preference for a boy as a benefactor to his vast skills in performing arts. Thus he adopted Gou, a small boy, who rejuvenated his zeal in life. His zest was, however, short-lived as he discovered that Gou was not a boy but an impersonator. The exasperation he suffered after his wife had abandoned him was exacerbated. As a result, he developed strong indifference towards the girl, forcing Gou to flee. When she cam e back later, she delighted Wang shortly by bringing along a boy child. It, however, landed the elderly man in trouble because the child’s wealthy parents pressed charges leading to his death sentence. The King of Masks is a mythical film that dexterously recapitulates itself into the modern world by enacting and recreating the subjugation of women in a patriarchal world. This essay will analyze the various themes presented in the film.  The theme of women’s subjugation is recurrent in the movie. The filmmakers intricately reveal how men sidelined women to the periphery of social and economic life. It goes further to suggest how the society and women in particular can harness the Miao-shan myth, an integral part of Buddhism, to empower themselves socially. Unlike other religions, Buddhism provides for women participation in the religious life of the society, subtly and expressly. The filmmakers, therefore, challenge women to take advantage of the Miao-shan myth to em power themselves culturally and economically. This is the aim the filmmakers intended to reach through the film, allowing Wang to bequeath his skills to a woman. Traditionally, Chinese culture did not allow women to learn the face-changing techniques that performers used in opera. By training a woman exclusive male art, Wang tacitly passed across the need for relooking Confucianism and appreciating its role in women’s social empowerment. The theme of religion is also evident in the film. Buddhism is widely practiced in Chinese society. Filiality is the bedrock of the religion, and the society esteems those who sacrifice for the others. Religion scholars aver that the reason Miao-shan is dominant in Buddhist myth is her selflessness, especially in the way she offered her life for her father.Advertising Looking for term paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The King of Masks borrows some themes from this myth to show that equal treatment of women is rooted in the teachings of Buddhism. In spite of being hierarchical, Buddhism scorns at any form of authoritarianism. In fact, reciprocity, as espoused in the Miao-shan myth, is highly valued. Respect to elders is inspired not by virtue of age as they must earn it. The old are not to despise the young; their success is to attract commensurate adornment. The film directors recreated and enacted the Miao-shan myth through the story of Gou Wa. When Wang discovered that she was a girl not a boy, he showed his indifference to her. He dissuaded her from calling him â€Å"grandpa† and instead asked her to call him â€Å"boss†. She pleaded with the man not to sell her, but when she finally left, she came back with a son. It is noteworthy that her departure made Wang pensive. Such a mood suggests that he still loved her in despite her deceit. Wang was very delighted by the gift she brought with her, a son, but also saddened by Gou’s sudden departure. This is a manifestation of filial love as espoused by Confucianism. The theme of sacrifice and love is also intertwined in religion. Gou’s love to Wang is illustrated by her strong desire to atone for her deceit. She lied to the man that she was a boy, and when he discovered the truth, she was ready to bring him a son to amend for her wrongdoing. Her intention was simple and pure – to please her stepfather, no matter the cost. Further, she had the moral rectitude and love to visit Wang who was about to face a hangman. She went there in spite of the danger it portended for her. She stole the boy child for Wang and was ready to take responsibility for that. In an act of reciprocity, the king was not angry with her. Instead, he declared that the predicament was an act of Karma. He felt that his life had not been particularly decent and right, and he was merely suffering repercussions for his misdeeds. He asked Gou to perform a ritual performed exclusive ly by men. By so doing, Wang recognized Gou as an equal to a man. They shared a deep love for each other in spite of the indifference that characterized the realization that their relationship blossomed out of deceit. In China, just like in India, women are not as valued as men are. The society does not greet the birth of a woman with the same enthusiasm as that of a boy. Gou’s gender issue is acute. She, therefore, decided to impersonate a boy to escape the auction. When Wang realized this, he set to sell Gou. In an ironic twist of event, a son he wanted so much as an heir landed Wang in prison, and Gou, a girl, saved him.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on King of Masks: Themes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is an indictment of the society’s perception of women. Gou stood by Wang, going against the conventional wisdom that women ultimately abandon the family they were born. Gou learnt sk ills traditional reserved for men and performed burning of spirit money, Chinese ritual. Her triumph was a repudiation of a cultural system that subordinated women to the periphery of the social life. 1 The movie, the King of Mask is set in the 1930’s Chinese society. Wang, the main hero, is a street performer, an art highly valued by the society then. However, this did not diminish his sense of emptiness caused by the lack of a son. Traditionally, his skills were reserve of a male heir. He bought Gou, unaware that Gou was a girl, and trained her the art of street performance. It turned out that Gou was not a boy but an impersonator. He changed his attitude towards her and decided to sell2 her. Later, the girl delighted him when he brought a son. In an unpredicted twist of events, the boy caused Wang a lot of troubles. The despised Gou, displaying her readiness for sacrifice and responsibility, stood by Wang through his worst moments. In essence, the filmmakers criticize the unfounded pervading perception of women as inferior to men. The film is a classic recapitulation of Chinese myths into the modern world. Bibliography Stone, Alan. Movies and the Moral Adventure of Life. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007. Footnotes 1 Alan Stone. Movies and the Moral Adventure of Life. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2007. 23-24. 2Ibid.,26.Advertising Looking for term paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This term paper on King of Masks: Themes was written and submitted by user Lauren O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Jasmine Smith Essays (716 words) - Writing, Human Communication

Jasmine Smith Essays (716 words) - Writing, Human Communication Jasmine Smith Eng-104-13 Essay#3 Critical writing is " is not necessarily writing about the topic in a negative way; it is simply making sure that you have considered all sides of the argument . " ( It means to actually think about what a piece of literature means and find a way to express what it means to one. Writers have many responsibilities when it comes to writing. When writing a piece of work one has to consider who the audience is, what the topic is and reason to write on the topic. When these are applied a well written piece will be created. Lets first discuss what a critical writer is. A critical writer must be able to demonstrate an ability to think critically about the sources of information such as text books, academic papers as well as academic websites. A critical writer must do more than simply take information from other sources and use it to construct an answer. Faith Aidele advocates her students to be critical writers . She is excited about , " Getting students excited about ideas and the world and relating to it through writing. (Golden 44) Aidele feels it is her duty to introduce her students to reading and writing cr itically. She feels that if she is giving her students the tools to become critical writers, they will use them and create a well written piece. Critical writing must simply consider all sides of the argument. Critical writing can also be thought as a balanced presentation of reasons why the conclusion of other writers may be accepted or may need to be treated with caution; a clear presentation of your own evidence and argument leading to your conclusion. The goal of a critical writing is to offer a text or interpretation of some aspect of a text or situate. critical writing is also beneficial because it helps develop analytical skills w hile crafting a sound argument. The writer must add their own thoughts contemplate the meaning and value of a particular text and analyze important issues. The responsibilities of a writer are important to understand . A writer is to inform the reader on what the topic is and express their point in a clear concise manner. Some writers feel that their voice is heard through their writing and feel the need to inform their audience of their opinions. In "The Word" by Marita Golden, Faith Aiedele says," Well, for me it's about entering the conversation and having an opportunity to find a perspective that may not have been represented yet. And one of the reasons I love memoirs so much is that it's a form that upends the traditional power structure of who gets to write history and whose voices get to be heard." (Golden 44) It is important to Faith Aidele to inform her readers on her ideas. She believes writing is an easy way to get an audience and enter many conversations. I believe it is more important for writers to address and persuade their audience of each writers values. The audience is the most important to a writer. If a writer does not have an audience no one is listening to them, therefore their work is in vain. Writing can be both structural as well as freely flowing. Writing is very tricky in the way it is judged. Sometimes a piece can be well put together but lack textual evidence. This makes the piece seem unethical and unscholarly. Writing can also have too much textual evidence and not enough opinions or thoughts of the writer itself. Writing is conceptually building off of another writer's thoughts to form your own. That is how most writer' s start any paper. Faith Aidele states, "Patricia Hampl says in her essays that it's politically important for us to create a narrative of who we are as individuals and who we are nationally, and if we don't, someone else will do it for us. (Golden 44) This is where critical writing comes into play. A critical writer takes the information and transform it into their own tp create a piece that reflects them. Golden, Marita (2011-01-11). The Word: Black Writers Talk About the Transformative

How to Write an Outstanding Economic Research Paper

How to Write an Outstanding Economic Research Paper How to Write an Outstanding Economic Research Paper If you have been handed an assignment to write an economic research paper this guide will help. First, here are a few tips up front before we get into the format and construction of the paper. Less is more. Always try and use the most simple calculations and explanations possible. An economic research paper is not the place for fancy words or extravagant, complicated calculations. Concise and clear explanations make a better impression. The same applies for adjectives, it is best to avoid them. Try to use no fluff. Never try to impress or hoodwink the recipient of your paper. Remember, the folks reading it are academics who catch on to such antics Show that your conclusion is both noteworthy and novel. You want to convince the reader that the conclusion in your paper did not come from the findings from another source, but that this is the first time the conclusion has been made, and that the conclusion has value. OK, now that we have a few tips out of the way, let’s take a look at how to format of the economic research paper. Carefully Construct Your Title Your title should clearly and concisely say what you are doing. Do not try to be witty or funny. Do not make the title too broad, short or long. Write a Compelling Abstract The abstract is what a potential reader uses to determine if the remainder of the paper is worth reading.   It should be less then 150 words an only include the most interesting elements. Some items will need to be left out. Know the Purpose of the Introduction. The introduction should include the questions asked during research which are answered in the paper: explain why the answer is important, tactfully reveal what other researches are lacking in this specific subject and explain why your conclusion is unique. Follow the Clear Structure of the Body. The data section should be short. It should identify and describe the source, disclose the strengths and weaknesses of that source and explain any modification. The section that demonstrates your model of research explains it and the logic behind it, revealing the suppositions made. List Your Findings This is generally the lengthiest section of the paper. If you use charts or tables, explicitly state what they represent, or what you would like the reader to gain from them. Include any unexpected findings. Give the answers to the questions asked in your research here as well. Create a Precise Conclusion. This brief section should restate the research questions and give a short synopsis of the findings. Do not simply copy the abstract. Deal with Your Bibliography and Tables. This is the final section of the paper that should include citations, resources and explanations of any tables used. We hope you have found this writing guide useful as you dive into your own economics research paper.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reflection - Essay Example As McClay (2012) has pointed out that religion is anchored on beliefs, I strongly believe in the existence of a Supreme Deity guiding various religious communities, despite the fact that no person has ever seen or spoken directly with Him. I believe in the religious concept that there is a supernatural entity that dictates the human destiny of any religious community. Although, most of religious communities are composed of people with divergent opinions and levels of belief in the existence of their Supreme Deity, I strongly believe that by practicing the same religion, people share more things in common than what separates them. Whether a religious community is composed of neighbors who worship in different ways or members of a smaller group of people neighboring one another in the pursuit of common religious goals such as monastery, I believe that members of a religious community must mingle with individuals with different philosophies and appreciate their religious inclinations as a yardstick for measuring righteousness (Drape, & Nichols, 2013). I believe in religious mythologies because they tend to offer answers to important questions whose solutions may not be readily available. Mythologies usually provide reasons behind various religion values and activities such as marriage rituals, morality, spirituality, and human experience. Despite the fact that mere myths often have little if any weight, Vickers (2012) argued that mythologies grounded on religious values help to elaborate the scriptures and emphasize their importance. From the mythical story of David versus Goliath, for instance, as a Christian I believe that God can give extraordinary strength to individuals who are deemed as too weak to confront major challenges in life. Rituals are an important aspect of religion. I believe they bring people closer to the supernatural being. Despite the existence of different religious rituals of religion, most important ones are applicable across religions. For instance, attending sacred places for purposes of worship, installation of the clergy, baptism, communion, and sacraments among others are important rituals that happen across religions (Drape, & Nichols, 2013). These common rituals, according to me, serve as constant reminders of the faithful to remain steadfast in the service of the Supreme Deity. Most of the rituals are accompanied by messages urging the adherents to follow religious ethics in order to remain moral in the treatment of humanity. Emotional experience, I believe, is common in religious teachings and practice (Vickers, 2012). For example, a former fornicator who suffers from a terminal illness caused by his or her sins may have an episode of emotional experience when he or she consciously repents. Similarly, an individual who empathises with starving people could have emotional experience of seeing them transform from a hungry, dejected community to a satisfied, smiling one. I concur with Drape and Nichols (2013) on the sacredness of places of worship and other material expressions of religious loyalty. Materials such as the Holy Bible, and Quran, offerings, the altar, church and mosque are some of the items of worship that are believed to be sacred. In light of these evaluations, I strongly believe that the eight elements of religion are all important and none is more important than the other.

Capital Strucutre Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Capital Strucutre - Essay Example Based on the above assumption, the theory suggest that the firm value is independent of the capital strucutre and there is no fixed combination of the debt and equity which can suggest that it this level the firm has the optimum capital strucutre. However, in practice it is largely believed that the capital strucutre with 60% of debt and 40% of equity can be optimum for the firm. Higher debt capital may fund the growth of the firm however with increasing debt, it becomes hard for the organisations to keep the financial covenants of their debts intact therefore high debt ratios incur further risk for the organistion therefore there is no such magical relationship between debt to book capitalization ratio. The debt to book capitalization therefore vary from industry to industry and there Is no solid formula to determin tha the debt to book capitalization ratio of 60% therefore there is no capital strucutre theory under which it can be justified that a debt to book capitalization ratio should be 60%. A greenfield project is one which is built from scratch and is not constrained by any previous work. These projects are mostly constructed on the unused land where there is no room or need required to remodel the existing piece of land to demolish the existing strucutres. According to the transcation theory of foreign direct investment, the mode of entry into markets especially foreign markets depends upon how efficient the greenfiled projects will be as compared to the domestic facilities. If the greenfield projects are going to give more efficient results than the existing ones than going for greenfield projects can be a good move however if efficiencies are not achieved than in that case greefield projects may go awry. Therefore one of the most important lesson which can be learned from this is the fact that how good greefield projects can bring the desire efficiency and effectiveness in the company specially with relation to the operational efficiency. (Hennart). Apart from that the greenfield projects providethe organisation necessary room to look for better and more efficient resources.  

Examine the Concept of the State and Election Essay Example for Free

Examine the Concept of the State and Election Essay Robert Rosen wrote: I will begin by stepping back a bit, by supposing that we do not yet have a notion of state at our disposal. In effect, I will retreat to the level of percepts and perceptions and treat the self as a pure observer. The idea of state, being a concept and not a percept, thus does not yet enter the picture at all. Thus, all we have is the self looking out at its ambience. What does it see? All the self can see is a sequence of percepts, ordered by its subjective sense of time. We suppose that the self can choose which percepts it will look at (in more sophisticated language, which variables it will measure) and whether it will look continuously or sample at discrete intervals. (Subjective) time is itself a complicated concept (see AS), but it is a primitive that we can take for granted at this level. Thus, the result of the self looking at its ambience is only a tabulation; a list of what is seen, indexed by when it is seen. Such a list we shall call a chronicle. Chronicles can thus be completely arbitrary things, at least insofar as what is tabulated in them is concerned. Weather bureaus, stock exchanges, census takers, and a host of other familiar institutions provide endless streams of them. In the scientific realm, they are data. To the historian, entirely concerned with what happened when, they are the very stuff of existence.

The Truman Show And Hierophonic Visions :: essays research papers

"The Truman Show" and Hierophonic Visions The Truman Show depicts the life of a human that was adopted by a company and filmed all his life. His life had been broadcast all around the world and people everywhere have lived his life with him. The story starts with the main character, Truman, an adult and married now, leaving for work. It follows his day by day routine and the viewer quickly realizes how boring and mundane this man's life is. The hierophonic vision in the movie was the smile of the young woman Truman saw while he was in high school. It stood out because of the sincerity of her smile. Truman hadn't seen the behavior of someone making their own decisions, in this case her decision to smile at him, so when it occurred his normal life of pretend emotions faded away and lost all importance. What took its place was a dream of this other world that, through her smile, he saw a glimpse of. Throughout the rest of his life, Truman longed for so much more than his mediocre life, cutting out pictures of models in hopes of recreating the look that he received from the girl. He also showed his discontentment through what he said to his friend when he told him that he wanted to go to Fiji. This desire built up and Truman became less and less trusting of his world until the day came that he decided to sail away from his reality, where everything evolved around him. I see this movie as an analogy of the story of the Garden of Eden in the Bible. Truman, playing Adam, is tempted to desire more than this perfect life he was given. Christof, the "creator" gave Truman a life without hurt, without pain, without most of the troubles that humans deal with throughout their lives and even though everyone Truman encountered were merely scripted acquaintances, he still had the ability to make his own decisions. So when the smile of the woman caught his attention, he desired for more, he, in a way, desired for the tree of knowledge of good and evil. He controlled the members of his society, like Adam controlled the beasts of the garden, but Christof controlled both the actors and Truman by his ability to change weather, time of day, what people said, and other means. So when the serpant, the woman from outside of Truman's world, tempted him with a new reality, his curiosity took over and all he could think about was this idea of something diff erent, something he was unable to have.

Impact Of The Digital Revolution On Society Essay

Impact of the digital revolution on society The Revolution in digital communication technology is proceeding and bringing new technologies to everyday life at break-neck speed. Most key technologies are still evolving and will do so beyond 2005. The ground-breaking evolution of the technologies will have a profound effect on the work styles on every individual. More often than not people of all sectors either he is a teacher, researcher, staff member or an administrator will greatly depend on technology assistant and the Internet to go in pursuit of their day to day work schedules. In all the roles the physical boundaries that constraint the individual schedule and activities will be greatly reduced. A variety of tasks that presently used to require a trip like shopping, banking, acquiring news and entertainment are accomplished from anywhere. People depend on the digital assistant for shopping, banking, plan holiday and search information. When people finish work and go home, the machine goes with them. The evolution of digital WEB-TV will help all sectors of people to get connected to World Wide Web. Web TV helps people who are not educated or cannot afford a computer to get connected from their respective homes in a gainful mode. By the year 2005 the much anticipated information technology trends will be well established. * The first is towards smaller, cheaper and faster microprocessor, which in turn allows ever-more effective compression and encryption of data, and makes appliances and tools appear smaller and smart. * The second is the trend toward enormously greater digital storage capacities, and allows vast libraries of information to be stored inexpensively on-line. * The third and forth trends are toward high-speed and wireless networking. By the year 2005 about the usage of Internet enabled wireless phones will surpass and about one billion people will be connected to the Internet. Impact on the Individual, Customer & Consumer By the year 2005 Individuals will make use of the digital evolution resourcefully and save their time. Individuals use internet as an decisive tool for online payment of bills, online banking, online booking of cinema, plan travel, holiday accommodation booking, training & educational needs, make appointments with Beautician, Barber, Solicitor Doctor etc. Large sector of people depend on Internet for email correspondence and searching information for their everyday needs. Individuals will mostly use wireless web enabled devices such as Personal Digital Assistants, Windows CE pocket PC, RIM Pagers over Desktop PC’s. Customer & Consumer By the year 2005 Internet will be the most dominant method for buying products. â€Å"Customer Bargaining Power† becomes more evident as the customers have a great variety of choice from their desktops. Industrial consumer use Internet for placing their orders. On-line orders are expected to grow substantially, distributors selling to industrial customers will get to receive online orders about 40% of their total orders. B2C â€Å"Business to Customer† websites or on-line shops will increase and extend from durable goods into many more areas of consumer goods and daily provisions. But customers purchase only simple products on-line. The items purchased by customer often require minimal support or no customer support, the more the complexity of the product the less the customer but it online. Consumers are more sophisticated. Marketing departments will seek external assistance from specialists such as advertising agents, consumer psychologist and consumer-marketing consultants to ensure their applications are both focused and compelling. Impact on Organisations The rapid pace of development of technologies and the changing environment has made unavoidable that organisation has to redefine their business models and to invest in technology to make them e-business enabled. Organisations continually work on how they can add value to their  e-business. In the highly competitive and fragmented market, customers view independent Internet based procurement marketplaces as the most effective way to obtain competitive pricing on both project packages and standard items. Companies will provide product information on their website and will also make a provision for online ordering as most of the customers during 2005 use Internet for their purchases. In addition most of the organisations will make investment in the technology and have systems like Warehouse Management System, Order Tracking System, Customer Relation Management in place. Companies will unlock their distribution, sales and logistics functions and will train their sales forces to leverage online products and technical information. The sales forces job will become wider from just order takers to teach customers about the product. Large organisations will build their own portals and marketplaces for implenting B2B, more industries will join to implement the B2B business model. Many organisations implement Supply Chain Management and will have closer connections with their suppliers and customers. SCM in 2005 represents a philosophy of managing technology and processes in such a way that the enterprises optimize the delivery of goods, services and information. Supply chain e-markets like value added networks, channel masters, third-party logistics firms, wholesalers, IT vendors and system integrator will emerge and significantly help the organisations to enact a recombinant business model. Impact on Government By the year 2005, Government IT budget and spending will increase substantially. Majority of the government transactional services will be provided online. Transactions between various departments of the government will be networked and a substantial part of transfer of files and paper is saved. Governments implement E-Governance business model and deliver the information and services to the public using electronic means. Use of IT by government facilitates an efficient, speedy and transparent process for disseminating information to the public and other agencies, and  for performing government administration activities. All the departments will be fully computerized and public uses Internet and email for their queries and appointments and payment of bills and taxes. The Government will take a major role in implementing Cyber Law, spreading IT awareness among people and changing their mindsets. The Government will provide IT infrastructure by launching information satellites, establishing national communication grids, establishing satellite communication gateways, information kiosks at public places such as shopping centers, post offices, railway stations and libraries. Impact on Education By the year 2005 the e-learning through internet will grow considerably and will become a cream of the crop for people pursuing higher education. Use of e-learning in higher education will explode and many Universities will provide distance learning. Corporate e-training will grow vividly as e-training to their employees will help the employers to save money by cutting costs on travel and accommodation bills. New industry e-learning product manufacturers will evolve, many organisations will tie up with big universities and develop e-learning training products and will either sell directly or deliver online through subscriptions. This will help prospective students to attain first-rate education at a very low cost. Technology innovations will continue to reshape the e-learning landscape e-learning forums will be established and the e-learning providers will increase their investments and will compete with the education institutions and universities. Impact on markets Technology market will continue to evolve and Internet enabled device market will boom, there will be a substantial increase in the Internet enabled devices. B2B and B2C business models will continue to grow. Software Technology Market Voice Recognition is already a pillar of the technology industry and will become more vital component by 2005 as a next generation of communication product. I see the importance of Voice Recognition growing day by day and most of the computers will be controlled with voice commands, rather than keystrokes or mouse clicks. Streaming Audio Video Revolution. Streaming Media Industry will boom, by the year 2005 Streaming Video and Audio importance will be unleashed and will be used extensively for the purpose of distance education, online news broadcasting, corporate webnairs & seminars and for net meetings. Wireless industry Market Wireless industry will boom and developments in the mobile and wireless soil will continue to drive a near revolution in Europe and America. Penetration of data-enabled mobile phones will exceed two to four times of internet penetration by 2005.Wirelesss devices will ultimately displace the Desktop PC’s as the preferred internet access devices. Mobile commerce will increase and the consumer transactions where sale is committed from a mobile device could be up to $2 trillion by the year 2005. Mobile Network operators will be well equipped to target micro payments. Technologies such as WAP, 3G , NTT Do COMO will spread across the whole world to enable cheap and faster modes of wireless services. Blootooth Revolution, will enable possibilities for establishing quick ad-hoc links, and enable mobility during a cordless connection, which is not offered by infrared enabled products. The Blootooth semiconductors revenues alone might surpass $3 billion, and the bluetooth-enabled devices might exceed 250 million units by the year 2005. As the technology market will be evolving beyond 2005, many new technologies and e- business models will progress. Impact on industries Unlike today, where an explosion of technology companies compete for venture capital, I predict that the internet economy by 2005 will be a network of established businesses whose influence comes from stretches around the world. Number of players will shrink and several large companies dominate each segment of the Internet. However, Internet forces business models to change by the year 2005, great changes will be made in many industries. The Book Industry will fully adapt the digital revolution and many publishers will sell their electronic-books on the Internet. Newspaper industry will experience a great change by 2005 most of its customers buy and read their daily newspaper online. The industry will be fully digital compatible and will sell newspaper on the basis of subscriptions. Readers will buy monthly or yearly subscriptions and read online. By the year 2005 I see great changes in the travel industry and there will be a great impact of digital technology on this industry. Most of the airline companies will be selling flight tickets and deals directly online to the customers. The travel industry will make alliances vertically with the related industries such as Hotel industry, Transport industry Amusement and Parks etc., and will directly sell the Holiday Packages and deals to their customers. As the airline company itself sells flight tickets online and travel agents will evolve themselves as e-travel agent or virtual travel agent and normally sell holiday package deals to the customers. The digital effect is more uncovered and will broaden By 2005 almost every modern, traditional small, large, private and public sector industries will implement some level of digital technology. Impact on leisure, travel, etc. The digital impact on leisure and travel is massive, unlike the present people by 2005 will mostly depend on e- travel agents and airline industry for planning there holiday. People search Internet for their holiday spots and will book all necessary hotel accommodation and travel online. As there will be massive changes in the travel industry the tourism departments of various countries will put their tourism and local festival information online to enable people scattered across the world to know. Planning a holiday in 2005 is more interesting and lively. Conclusion â€Å"Internet considerably shrinks the size of our Universe and we will see a High Tech digital world by the year 2005 and beyond.† ‘The world as I see it †¦2005’ Author : Bhaskar Kolluru Page 3 of 11

Ferrari Swot

Ferrari SWOT Analysis What is SWOT analysis? SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. SWOT analysis involves identifying your business’s strengths and weaknesses, and examining the opportunities and threats which may affect you. SWOT analysis can be used to analyse your organisation and its environment. Carrying out a SWOT analysis can help you identify changes that can be made to improve your business. Strengths Strengths are those features of the business which allow you to operate more effectively than your competitors. Ferrari is by far the worlds most famous racing car producer that surprised the motor industry in terms of speed, performance and reliability. Ferrari stands out as the leader of Italian auto manufacturers industry, and till today represents the finest of Italian craft in the mechanics of auto propulsion. Ferrari is claimed to be a purpose-built race car which features exceptional performance. Weaknesses Weaknesses are areas capable of improvement. It helps a Company identify if its lacking skills or new products? Whether it has a higher cost base or lower productivity than your competitors? Or if there are any unpleasant truths about the business that need to be faced. Ferrari has emerged superbly as a very strong Brand with least flaws. The only factor which probably acts to its disadvantage is that, the strategy of catering to the very elite class of millionaires has no doubt added to the brand value of the product but also restricts the sales. Having already notched out a mark for itself, probably the time is right to introduce a more economically viable category, to fulfill the millions of dreams of owning a Ferrari. The other drawback is that since its such a high-end brand, and no two Ferrari’s are known to be alike, it makes it clients want and wait for their dream car. It takes a minimum of 6 months advance booking before the client can eventually be the proud owner of this priced possession. Opportunities Opportunities refers to any interesting trends which one can take advantage of Examples of opportunities include: Changes in technology and markets, eg the Internet Changes in government policy or regulations / legislation Local and global events Potential new uses of products and / or services Use of marketing or promotional techniques to boost the business Social factors, eg population fluctuation, lifestyle changes, etc. With Ferrari having already established a very strong hold over the Asia Pacific region and Shanghai as its recent headquarters, its time for it to extend into a highly progressive and lucrative market- India. With a large number of Indians making it to the Forbes list of the richest, India is bound to be an easy market with millionaires who are capable of affording a Ferrari. Furthermore, ever since Ferrari has been introduced in China, its sales have seen a sudden boost with Shanghai becoming the new headquarters of Asia Pacific. Once Ferrari enters the Indian market it is bound to capture a wider and more lucrative audience. Banking on the brand name that Ferrari has notched for itself, I would really like to see Ferrari also reaching out to the high and upper middle masses instead of just the very high classes. Indian market is very much in line with the Chinese market with a lot more scope for flexibility, hence all the key strategies adopted by the company in China is bound to reveal an even more astounding result. Alike China India is also a very densely populated country with a lot of western influence. The past 5 years census has also seen a remarkable lift in the living standards and lifestyle of people. A majority of the population no longer aspires for just comfort but is ready to go that extra mile to be in the lap of luxury. And what speaks of luxury better than Ferrari. Furthermore, Formula 1 is expected to reach Indiaby 2011 hence, it would serve as major promotional strategy for the Company Threats Threats can be external or internal, and are anything which can adversely affect your business. External threats could be inflation, new legislation, or a new competitor in your market. Internal threats could include a skill or staff shortage within your organisation. Indian market seems to be risk free market for Ferrari with only increased opportunities. The only possible difficulty that Ferrari might counter would be in terms of modifying their designs to cope up with the infrastructure of the country, I terms of roads. Ferrari is known for its low body which might hinder movement in case of speed breakers and puddles during rainy season. Other factor which should be taken into consideration would be the government policies and legislation regarding the high import duties. This regulation on the part of the government will inflate the service cost and prices of spare parts. Personal swot analysis : Strength : Passion is the key virtue . Looks at things in a different light . Experimentative in nature . Believes in hard work. Quick at learning new things Makes friends easily Loves to interact with different people Weakness :

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States

The Role of Chief Justice of the United States Often incorrectly called the chief justice of the Supreme Court, the chief justice of the United States is the nation’s highest-ranking judicial official, and speaking for the judicial branch of the federal government, and serving as the chief administrative officer for the federal courts. In this capacity, the chief justice heads the Judicial Conference of the United States, the chief administrative body of the U.S. federal courts,  and appoints the director of the Administrative Office of the United States Courts. A Chief Justices Main Duties As primary duties, the chief justice presides over oral arguments before the Supreme Court and sets the agenda for the courts meetings. Of course, the chief justice presides over the Supreme Court, which includes eight other members called associate justices. The chief justices vote carries the same weight as those of the associate justices, though the role does require duties that the associate justices dont perform. As such, the chief justice is traditionally paid more than the associate justices. The 2018 annual salary of the chief justice set by Congress, is $267,000, slightly higher than the $255,300 salary of the associate justices. When voting with the majority in a case decided by the Supreme Court, the chief justice may choose to write the Courts opinion  or to assign the task to one of the associate justices. History of the Chief Justice Role The office of chief justice is not explicitly established in the U.S. Constitution. While Article I, Section 3, Clause 6 of the Constitution refers to a chief justice as presiding over Senate trials of presidential impeachment.  Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which establishes the Supreme Court itself, refers to all members of the Court simply as â€Å"judges.† The distinct titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States were created by the Judiciary Act of 1789. In 1866, Associate Justice Salmon P. Chase, who had been by to the Court by President Abraham Lincoln in 1864, convinced Congress to change the official title Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to the current Chief Justice of the United States. Chase reasoned that the new title better acknowledged the position’s duties within the judicial branch not directly related to the Supreme Court’s deliberations. In 1888, Chief Justice of the United States Melville Fuller became the first person to actually hold the modern title. Since 1789, 15 different presidents have made a total of 22 official nominations to either the original or the modern chief justice position. Since the Constitution mandates only that there must be a chief justice, the practice of appointment by the president with the consent of the Senate has been based solely on tradition. The Constitution does not specifically prohibit the use of other methods, as long as the chief justice is selected from among the other sitting justices. Like all federal judges, the chief justice is nominated by the president of the United States and must be confirmed by the Senate. The term-in-office of the chief justice is set by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, which states that all federal judges shall hold their offices during good behavior, meaning that chief justices serve for life, unless they die, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process. Presiding Over Impeachments and Inaugurations The chief justice sits as the judge in  impeachments  of the president of the United States,  including when the vice  president of the United States  is the acting president. Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presided over the Senate trial of President  Andrew Johnson  in 1868, and Chief Justice  William H. Rehnquist  presided over the trial of President William Clinton in 1999. While its thought the chief justice must swear in ​presidents at inaugurations, this is a purely traditional role. According to law, any federal or state judge is empowered to administer oaths of office, and even a notary public can perform the duty, as was the case when Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president in 1923. Procedure and Reporting and Inaugurations In day-to-day proceedings, the chief justice enters the courtroom first and casts the first vote when the justices deliberate, and also presides over closed-door conferences of the court in which votes are cast on pending appeals and cases heard in oral argument. Outside the courtroom, the chief justice writes an annual report to Congress about the state of the federal court system and appoints other federal judges to serve on various administrative and judicial panels. The chief justice also serves as chancellor of the Smithsonian Institution  and sits on the boards of the National Gallery of Art and the Hirshhorn Museum.

PARCC Practice Tests Where to Find and How to Use Them

PARCC Practice Tests Where to Find and How to Use Them SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you (or your child) are worried about preparing for an upcoming PARCC exam, official practice tests are the best way to study. Here, we’ll direct you to these PARCC practice materials. We’ll also explain how to use these tests (and other resources at your disposal) if you want to do well on an upcoming PARCC exam. What Is PARCC? PARCC is a of a group of states that administers standardized exams to students in grades 3-11. These exams are designed to assess college and career readiness. PARCC exam results help teachers, schools, and districts track student performance. At an individual level, these results may help teachers customize instruction for students who may need extra help. The program itself is relatively new, so students and parents alike may have questions about what the tests are like. For more info about PARCC, check out ourin-depth post on the test content. Where to Find PARCC Practice Tests Like I mentioned, PARCC is still pretty new, so there aren’t a ton of practice materials available. Because different tests are administered at each grade level (3-11), it’s difficult to put together a wealth of practice tests for each group of students. In addition, PARCC practice tests aren’t meant to act as admissions exams (like the SAT or the ACT) - they’re state exams meant to measure competency and progress, mostly at the aggregate level. This means that test prep companies are less motivated to come up with unofficial practice materials. Followingare links to all available official practice tests and answer keys. The PARCC exams are usually administered on a computer, so for the most realistic testing experience, select the Computer-Based Practice Tests under the tab for each grade (if you choose to download a paper version, that’s fine - just download the corresponding paper test answer key). Make sure you’re selecting practice tests for End-of-Year exams for the appropriate grade level. English practice testsandanswer keys Math practice testsandanswer keys How These Will Help You Prepare for the PARCC Exam A big part of preparing for any standardized test is familiarizing yourself with test format and logistics. Taking a practice test or two should help students get more comfortable with the exam so that on test day they can focus primarily on demonstrating knowledge of content. High school students may benefit from reviewing PARCC exams for another important reason: the question types and formats are pretty similar to those on the ACT and SAT. PARCC practice tests should definitely not replace official ACT and SAT prep material, but they may make for good supplements! Why You Shouldn't Stress About Preparing for PARCC Exams Teachers and other administrators will likely stress the importance of doing well on these exams because they’re definitely an important measure of students’ progress (and they may affect how teachers and schools are evaluated). The bottom line is, however, that no student will suffer negative consequences as a result of a low PARCC score - if anything, they’ll receive extra help. Scores have no effect on GPA or, for older students, on college admissions. If you’re concerned about an upcoming PARCC exam, I encourage you to check out the practice tests listed above. In addition, however, you should speak to your teacher - he or she can speak to how you’ll learn the necessary material together in class and whether you may need extra help to prepare. Unlike for college admissions tests, it’s not just the student’s responsibility to prepare for PARCC exams. There's less to stress about than you might think! Summary Official PARCC practice testsmay be helpful for students and parents who are curious about the exams (or similar tests). Ultimately, though, PARCC exams don’t have an impact on students’ GPAs or college admissions chances - they’re primarily a measure of college and career-readiness for school districts. If you’re worried about performance on a PARCC exam, these practice tests will come in handy - just make sure to check in with your teacher about your concerns! What's Next? PARCC content is based on Common Core standards. If you want to do well on a PARCC exam, you may want to read more about the Common Core and why it matters. Looking at tests similar to the PARCC? Read more about ACT Aspireand check out available practice tests. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Indigenous Studies Article Summary & Analysis Essay - 1

Indigenous Studies Article Summary & Analysis - Essay Example Likewise, it clarifies how the marginalized groups keep on agitating for legitimacy and political acknowledgment as a way towards liberation1. Borrow tries to bring out the courts definition of indigenous rights, and it is to my consent that its definition is based on distinctive cultures of indigenous communities as they existed in the old days. Additionally, I note that he recognizes indigenous rights as being founded on continued recognition of the customs and the laws of the indigenous people. Borrow has additionally highlighted the subject of the rule of law. I agree with his writing that oppression of the indigenous communities can be prevented through the continuous application of the rule of law. Based on indigenous communities, affirmation of the Crown Sovereignty has been the main cause of disruptions and chaos. He views the rule of law as a supreme ideal that can be realized if unbiased and non-arbitrary approach to legitimacy of Crown sovereignty is put into practice. I find that Crown Sovereignty is the foundation for the establishment of the colonial supremacy which led to things such as peace, stability and order to colonial settlers2. In the meantime, colonial supremacy brought about disturbance to the colonized. Borrow sees the rule of law as subject to sovereign power that is characterized by its monopoly nature of power. It is from his book that I figure out that since there was and is no foundation for the attestation of colonial sovereignty, there emerged ill-use of power that demeaned the value of the rule of law. The book also helps me to identify several cases where indigenous law has failed to be recognized. Historically, native law and interests have been alleged as a problem to the Crown law that is dominant in Canada. This line of thinking has aided me to note the disappointment of recognition of Indigenous law and interests, which, has thus, brought about the legitimate, political, social and economic

Plagerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Plagerism - Essay Example Since this sentence is not a direct quote, it would need to read as follows: But it is hard to know if a conflict of interest between doctors, researchers, and the drug company stockholders has tainted the results (Crossen, 1994). Although this next sentence is cited, it is cited incorrectly and, therefore, can be considered plagiarizing. The sentence â€Å"Yet the resulting information can be warped for five reasons: ending a study too soon, not publishing negative results, publishing results too early, skimming over or ignoring drawbacks, and â€Å"buffing† the results by showing them in the best light (Crossen, 1994, p. 167)† is cited incorrectly because much of the verbiage is copied exactly from the Crossen passage and should be in quotation marks in addition to the citation. A better phrasing would be: The data gathered can be skewed due to the premature end of a study, disregarding disadvantages, presenting results prematurely, excluding undesirable results, and misrepresenting findings (Crossen, 1994). Recognizing plagiarism is the key to avoiding it. Plagiarism means knowing when and how to cite information from an outside source. References Crossen, C. (1994). Tainted: The manipulation of fact in America.

Reaction Time & Hemispheric Asymmetry Dissertation

Reaction Time & Hemispheric Asymmetry - Dissertation Example The tests failed to demonstrate a clear association with hemispheric aptitude in terms of reaction speed based on results of previous investigations in the literature. Introduction The two halves of the human brain are responsible for different perceptions and styles of information processing. Handedness as a functional preference begins with an entire half of the brain, one of which is personally dominant, and it is that dominant half that is used to process much information. Nonetheless, cognitive functions are enhanced when both sides of the brain learn to get along cooperatively, sharing capabilities in a balanced fashion. To optimize this sharing for the benefit of performance, there should always be room for strengthening whichever a person's weaker hemisphere happens to be. The left brain functions in a sequential, linear manner. It is an organizing, rank-making, list-maker. Left-brained individuals enjoy orderly planning, schedule-creation, and structured organization. Left-b rains finish tasks in sequence and enjoy the regularity that this regimented approach allows. And thus, learning in sequence can be easier for these individuals. Functions such as spelling are probably easier for left-brains. A sequential approach to mathematical calculations and stepwise directions are ideal conditions for this learner. This left hemisphere is also vital for many forms of communication. Aphasia can result from trauma, tumors or stroke-damage to the left hemisphere. Certain complex mouth-movements may be affected also. It is clear that language processing as well as spatial intelligence, and subtle movements involving hand-gestures are dependent on the left hemisphere. (Toga et al. 2003) In seeming opposition is the approach of the right-brained thinker. More haphazard and spontaneous. The right-brained thinker may drift through different modes and styles of thought. They may lack the regimented prioritization of the left-brained operator when they do complete the w ork they have set themselves towards. They may not accomplish less, but in a less direct fashion. A task may be delayed not because the right-brained wasn't applying themselves, but that they were applying themselves to many different priorities. Excessive regimentation provokes feelings of restlessness or rebellion. But schedules and order are still useful, and are perhaps more essential for this thinker. Editing, error-correction and spell-checking will be more important for this learner. Colors and images may be useful to this thinker as an organizational tool, as vivid depictions will be impactful for a right-dominant mind. Mnemonic devices should be the most beneficial for this thinker. In addition, the right cerebral hemisphere specializes in spatial perception and topographical comprehension, and men score higher than women when the input is restricted to the right hemisphere, or conversely, obtain significantly lower scores than women on such tasks after damage to this hemis phere. The left hemisphere specializes in language, and trauma here leads to aphasia, linguistic impairment in speaking, comprehending, or both. The fact that women score lower than men in right hemi-sphere tasks was for years explained in terms of the crowding out effect, a concept referring to the left hemis

Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Aetiology and Pathophysiology of Heart Failure Rachel Corston-Jackson Heart Failure The heart is a diverse organ and the diseases associated with it are caused by many different organs when they become dysfunctional or diseased. It is for this reason that heart failure is more diverse than just the stopping or failure of the heart as there are many types and causes of heart failure. Therefore, this essay will discuss the subject heart failure in the human body by addressing its aetiology and pathophysiology, the signs and symptoms associated with it, as well as the risk factors and causal agents linked to heart failure, and lastly, the relevant tests and treatment options available to heart failure patients to improve their quality of life. Aetiology: Heart failure, sometimes called congestive heart failure, refers to when the heart isnt pumping blood as well as it should (American Heart Association, 2014). It is a chronic disease characterised by the failure of the heart as a pump and is the result of any structural or functional cardiac disorders (Butler, 2012). This doesnt mean that the heart stops beating, however, the American Heart Association (2014) warns that heart failure can get worse if its not treated. The heart does not stop altogether but keeps working, despite the fact that the demands of blood and oxygen of the heart and body far exceed supply (Butler, 2012). This is caused a variety of disorders such as coronary artery disease, heart attacks, cardiomyopathy, and congenital birth defects (Butler, 2012). Coronary artery disease (CAD), as stated by Butler (2012) is a disease characterised by a narrowing or blockage of the arteries which restricts blood and oxygen supply to the heart, resulting in a reduced preload in the ventricles and reduced ventricular stretch. When low ventricular stretch occurs it results in a decreased force of cardiac contraction and a low stroke volume. The effects of low stroke volume include low blood pressure and can lead to the body’s organs and tissues becoming deprived of adequate oxygen and nutrients which may cause the body to go into a state of shock. The second cardiovascular disorder which can cause heart failure is a heart attack. A heart attack according to the Heart Foundation (2015) occurs when ‘a coronary artery becomes suddenly blocked, stopping the flow of blood to the heart muscle’. Damage to the heart muscle occurs during a heart attack, and becomes scarred, the damaged area does not function properly, resulting in a reduced cardiac output and low blood pressure. When this happens the heart compensates by undergoing a remodelling process where it changes in size, shape or structure, and according to Butler (2012) the remodelling is more likely to occur in the left ventricle as it has a thicker muscle mass. The third form of heart failure mentioned above is cardiomyopathy, which is caused by infections, alcohol abuse, or pregnancy and is characterised by damage to the heart muscle. The type of cardiomyopathy which presents during pregnancy is called peripartum cardiomyopathy (Demir, Tufenk, Karakaya, Akilli, Kanadas, 2013). It is a form of dilated cardiomyopathy and involves systolic dysfunction of the heart. Onset is usually around the last month of pregnancy and five months postpartum, hence the name. One common symptom of peripartum cardiomyopathy is sinus tachycardia which according to Demir et al. (2013) can be treated with a drug called Ivabradine. This brings me to the next section which is the pathophysiology of heart failure. Pathophysiology: Heart failure is a complex problem and is characterised by many signs and symptoms. Symptoms include; shortness of breath, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, fatigue, reduced ability to exercise, peripheral oedema, loss of appetite and more (Nicholson, 2014). Signs include; Tachycardia, tachypnoea, an abnormal pulse, and displaced apex beat, third heart sounds, a raised jugular venous pressure, lung crepitation, weight changes, hepatomegaly and more (Nicholson, 2014). The common symptoms which will be focused on here include shortness of breath (S.O.B), paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, fatigue, and a lack of appetite (Butler, 2012). The American Heart Association (2014) states that S.O.B during activity, at rest, or while sleeping, can have a sudden onset, often causing the patient to wake. They describe S.O.B as being caused by the blood when it backs up in the pulmonary veins because the heart cant keep up with the supply. The result is stated to be that the kidneys develop a reduced capacity to dispose of sodium and water, and that excess fluid leaks into the lungs causing a pulmonary oedema and around the lungs causing pleural effusion. The clinical sign which indicates that this has occurred, aside from S.O.B, is the presence of lung crepitations (Butler, 2012). A lung crepitation, according to Butler, is a crackling sound produced during inhalation and exhalation due to fluid accumulation inside the lungs and predominantly occurs in the lower lung fields. The American Heart Association states that peripheral oedemas can also occur as a result of the venous blood backing up and is characterised by swelling in the ankles, feet and abdomen resulting in ill-fitting shoes and weight gain due to the excess fluid accumulation. The build-up of fluid which causes S.O.B also leads to paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND) (Butler, 2012; Nicholson, 2014). PND usually occurs at night, according to the American Heart Association, and is characterised by sudden awakening from sleep after only a few hours, with a feeling of breathlessness, suffocation and severe anxiety. On chest auscultation, the bronchospasm associated with a heart failure exacerbation can be difficult to distinguish from an acute asthma exacerbation (Dumitru Baker, 2014). Other symptoms of heart failure included fatigue. Fatigue and weakness according to Dumitru Baker (2014) are often accompanied by a feeling of leaden limbs and are generally related to poor perfusion of the skeletal muscles in patients with a lowered cardiac output. Essentially the heart produces a decreased volume of blood and cannot meet the needs of body tissues so the body diverts blood away from less vital organs, particularly muscles in the limbs, and sends it to the heart and brain (American Heart Association, 2014). The American Heart Association (2014) and Nicholson (2014) both link this diversion of blood to vital organs to the loss of appetite and feelings of nausea often experienced by people with heart failure due to the fact that the digestive system receives less blood and cannot function correctly. The common signs that will be discussed here are hepatomegaly, third heart sounds, tachycardia and a displaced apex beat. Hepatomegaly, an enlargement of the liver which can occur with right heart failure (Nicholson, 2014), and is caused by the blood backing up from the heart into the inferior vena cava, such congestion increases pressure in the inferior vena cava and other veins that carry blood to it, including the hepatic veins (Orfanidis, 2013).Once this occurs the pressure may build to a point where the liver becomes engorged with blood and malfunctions. The common symptoms of hepatomegaly are nausea, abdominal pain or fullness, swelling of the feet and legs, and shortness of breath, all of which are also seen in heart failure (Butler, 2012). The third heart sound (S3) is a low-pitched sound that occurs when the ventricles fill rapidly and is one of the more specific signs of heart failure and auscultating to determine the presence of it can help healthcare professionals to diagnose heart failure (Santhosh, 2009). S3 is commonly present in conjunction with tachycardia, which is a high resting heart rate and is common as a haemodynamic compensatory response (Nicholson, 2014). The final sign of heart failure listed above is a displaced apex beat. A displaced apex beat means ‘the point of maximal impulse on the precordium can be displaced down and to the left laterally and commonly occurs when the heart is dilated (Nicholson, 2014, p. 33)’. Each sign and symptom of heart failure is linked to a causal agent such as a previous history of Myocardial Infarctions (MI). Risk factors/causal agents: The term ‘heart failure’ includes many conditions and disease, thus it has many causal agents including; Family history, narrowed arteries, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarctions, valve disorders, peripartum, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, obesity, kidney disease, hypothyroidism, toxins (alcohol), and infection (Butler, 2012; Nicholson, 2014). The causal agents which will be discussed here are narrowed arteries, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes and infection. Family history is an important indicator of increased risk in relation to heart failure, it is however not to be considered on its own but in relation to other risk factors such as narrowed arteries (Goldberg, 2014). Narrowed arteries can refer to vasoconstriction or atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a plaque formation is medium or large sized arteries in response to damage of the tunica intima (National Health Council, 2014). These plaque formations cause increased resistance to laminar blood flow resulting in turbulent flow and high blood pressure (Foss Farine, 2013). Blood pressure alone is characterised as the force exerted on blood vessel walls by a volume of blood as it passes through (Heart Foundation, Blood Pressure, 2010). High blood pressure on the other hand is known as hypertension, and is defined by the Heart Foundation (2010) as chronically elevated blood pressure resulting in stain on the heart and blood vessels. Hypertension is visually manifested by jugular venous distention on the right side of the neck (Nicholson, 2014). Foss Farine (2013) state that the elevated blood pressure is detected in the blood vessels by baroreceptors located in the carotid sinus and aortic arch. The baroreceptors are said to then stimulate vasomotor nerves to increase the diameter of the blood vessels to increase blood flow and reduce blood pressure. Another cause of high blood pressure is obesity. This is due to the fact that overweight or obese people have a greater the volume of tissue and fat that requires a constant blood supply, this results in an increase in blood vessel length (Foss Farine, 2013). Foss Farine (2013) state that the longer the blood vessels become the more distance the blood will have to travel which increases the resistance, the body will compensate for this by increasing the blood pressure throughout the body by increasing the stroke volume of the heart. This increase in blood pressure is to ensure both adequate blood supply to all blood vessels and adequate venous return. If the high weight threshold is maintained then high blood pressure will continue, causing hypertension and heart strain (Heart Foundation, Blood Pressure, 2010). A second effect that obesity can have on the heart is diabetes mellitus. Diabetes is a disorder of the metabolism where the glucose produced from the breakdown of food is no effectively absorbed into the cells for fuel. Diabetes is characterised by an inadequate production of the hormone called insulin which is produced in the pancreas and must be present to allow glucose to enter the cells (Goldberg, 2014). When insulin production is low the glucose remains in the blood and has many effects, such as increasing the susceptibility to infection (Foss Farine, 2013). The long term effects of low insulin and high glucose levels in the blood include atherosclerosis, which is an increase in deposits of fatty materials on the insides of the blood vessel walls (Goldberg, 2014). These deposits affect blood flow by reducing the diameter of the blood vessels and raising blood pressure, increasing the chance of clogging and hardening of blood vessels (Goldberg, 2014). Relevant tests: There are many tests which can help determine if a patient has heart failure or is at risk, such as; checking blood pressure, chest x-rays, blood tests, 12-lead electrocardiogram and respiratory function tests. Checking blood pressure regularly is part of a standard visit to the doctor or nurse, because it helps to establish a pattern of high, normal or low blood pressure. Long term high blood pressure has been linked to heart strain, and in conjunction with other health issues such as atherosclerosis can result in heart failure. (Heart Foundation, Blood Pressure, 2010). Another test which can contribute to the diagnosis of heart failure is a chest x-ray. Chest x-rays may be performed to look for signs of a pulmonary oedema which can cause symptoms such as S.O.B and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (Butler, 2012). A pulmonary oedema is commonly caused by a disrupted flow of blood to and from the heart. Respiratory function tests are also performed, to exclude respiratory causes for dyspnoea, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (Butler, 2012). Another direct test of the heart is via a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), the results of an ECG may show evidence of left or right ventricular hypertrophy, CHD, or arrhythmias commonly associated with heart failure such as atrial fibrillation (Butler, 2012). If no abnormality is present then the patient is unlikely to have heart failure (Nicholson, 2014). Further tests for signs of heart failure include blood tests for glucose (Butler, 2012; Nicholson, 2014). Checking glucose levels can be performed at home and is a vital component in the management of diabetes because if the blood glucose level remains high it can lead to atherosclerosis, and later, heart failure. High glucose levels are managed by first testing the blood then administering the appropriate amount of insulin to help absorption of the glucose into the cells and thus lower the blood glucose levels. Treatment strategy: Education on self-management strategies is a vital aspect of patient empowerment and care both at hospital and in their own home (Cockayne, Pattenden, Worthy, Richardson, lewin, 2014). Heart failure patients require education how they can manage their symptoms and to ensure they can recognise the warning sign associated with acute situations (Nicholson, 2014). Patient education commonly includes information on how to maintain good control of comorbid conditions such as diabetes. Control of diabetes at home begins with the monitoring blood glucose levels and commonly results in injecting oneself with insulin (Goldberg, 2014). Cockayne et al. (2014) state that ensuring patients understand the importance of adhering to the medication regime designed for their optimal health is a vital part of patient education. Another important aspect of patient education and self-management is providing an explanation on how to improve health habits and adopt a healthier lifestyle (Nicholson, 2014). The most commonly required lifestyle change to improve health outlooks for patients is to advise that they limit any consumption of alcohol and tobacco smoke as both produce detrimental effects on the heart, such as, causing pulmonary blockages and narrowing of airways, which will affect the oxygen supply to the blood, tissues and organs (Nicholson, 2014). Other important lifestyle changes according to Nicholson (2014) and Butler (2012) include advice on losing weight if the patient is obese, because obesity results in long, narrow blood vessels and high blood pressure which increases the patient’s risk of heart failure. The management of weight for patients with heart failure includes recommendations for specific dietary changes such as a low sodium intake or a low refined sugar intake (Butler, 2012). It may also include guidelines for increased daily exercise which is shown to have positive effects on heart failure symptoms according to Nicholson. Butler (2012) states that for women there is another important lifestyle factor to consider in the self-management of heart failure symptoms, the use of contraception. Contraception is important for women who experience heart failure and its symptoms because if a woman with heart failure were to become pregnant it would increase her risk of heart failure and morbidity during pregnancy and birth. The use of pharmacology in the management and treatment of heart failure symptoms is multifaceted. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors is said to be one of the most valuable drug therapies in heart failure according to Butler and is intended to decrease the effects of compensatory mechanisms which are maladaptive so as to improve heart failure symptoms and increase the rate of survival, particularly when taken in conjunction with beta-blockers. Beta-blockers work by reducing heart rate and the myocardial oxygen demand (Nicholson, 2014). The use of ACE inhibitors means that it is important to closely monitor the blood chemistry of the patient, and that the side effects are commonly limited to a dry, persistent cough (Butler, 2012). If the patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors due to the dry, persistent cough then the use of angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) will be considered as this drug has similar properties to the ACE inhibitor and will also require th e monitoring of blood chemistry. (Butler, 2012). Other pharmacological treatments include the use of vasodilators and diuretics. Vasodilators are used to improve cardiac output and often used in cases of heart failure where the patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors or ARBs (Butler, 2012). Diuretics are used to increase fluid loss in order to reduce the size and occurrence of peripheral oedemas and pulmonary oedemas, resulting in a reduced level of breathlessness (Nicholson, 2014). The last treatment option to be discussed here is the use of device therapy. Device therapy as stated by Butler (2012) refers to an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) and a biventricular pacemaker. Biventricular pacemakers are implanted to restore ventricular synchrony and reduce symptoms in the event ventricular failure. ICDs on the other hand addresses the problem of cardiac death by delivering an electric shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm and function. In conclusion, heart failure is a complex and multifaceted health problem which encompasses many heart problems like coronary artery disease, heart attacks and cardiomyopathy. Because heart failure is such a large problem it has many symptoms including S.O.B, fatigue and oedemas, and also many signs like tachycardia and lung crepitation. Each sign and symptom of heart failure is associated with a causal agent or risk factor such as hypertension in relation to obesity and diabetes. Heart failure cannot be cured, however the symptoms can be managed through patient education and self-management, pharmacology, and as a last resort, device therapy. 1 | Page